Analysis Of John Updike s A P - 1804 Words

Many stories have been told throughout time regarding youth and it’s seemingly infallibility. Most young people feel invincible, but really it is their naivety and inability to understand the harsh concept of reality that enables this behavior. While a common theme in literature, John Updike gives the tale of youth a consumerist spin in â€Å"AP†. Updike tells the story of Sammy the cashier, who see’s himself as superior to those around him and believes he will turn out nothing like the adults he’s surrounded with. He seems to get his chance to be great when some beautiful customers are harassed by his boss, and Sammy takes a stand. He decides to quit his job to defend and impress these girls, but they don’t even think twice about it and leave without thanking it. Sammy is left alone and jobless as realizes that life is not at all what he thought it to be. This young man chooses to go against the grain without considering the lasting consequences, a nd that is his fatal flaw. Sammy idealizes being original and standing out without fear of repercussions. This is demonstrated throughout his thoughts and actions. But, it is more of a fantasy to him to be original. He works a mediocre job, with average people, doing average things such as being as cashier. He seems to have a yearning for more in life and yearns to be seen as great. It seems as if his desire to be successful and original is channelled into his views of others. He admires one of young girls dressed in a bathingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Updike s A P1293 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Updike is viewed by his readers as a progressive voice in his work that promotes feminist issues. He makes these issues stand out more evidently, rather than hidden, in order for the reader to realize how women are viewed in society. From reading Updike’s AP, the story sends the message to readers of genders working together to strive for equality. If readers do not carefully and actively read AP they may miss key messages about the power men hold over women, not just in society but in literatureRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P2577 Words   |  11 Pagescome together and declare allegiance to a similar core of beliefs. And, when they do, they ask a particular set of question about a literary work. Each different way of analyzing a literary work elicits a different set of questions. AP, a short story by John Updike, would best be analyzed by using the school of New Criticism and analyzing the journey Sammy, the narrator, experiences throughout the story. The school of New Criticism believes that the work’s overall meaning depends solely on the textRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P2084 Words   |  9 Pagesallegiance to a similar core of beliefs. Once they do, they ask a particular set of questions about the literary work. Each different way of analyzing brings up different sets of questions. There are a total of seven different schools. John Updike’s short story A P, would be analyzed best using the school of New Criticism and analyzing Sammy’s experience throughout the day. New Criticism is the work’s overall meaning depending on the text in front of the reader. In high school or in freshman collegeRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P With A Strong Voice And An Eye Catching Event866 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"In walks three girls in nothing but bathing suits†.(Updike 430) John Updike immediately introduces the 1962 short story â€Å"A P† with a strong voice and an eye catching event. Updike continues the short story with partial sentences, word repetition, and tense shifts to bring excitement and life to the readers. A P is the grocery store, located in a small New England town that tells the life of a typical 19 year old boy who is maturing into adulthood.Through the eyes of the narrator the readersRead MoreA P By John Updike1190 Words   |  5 PagesA P is a story of Sammy who is a 19 year old boy working as a clerk at a grocery store in a small town in New England. Published back in 1961 narrative defining A P is the popular mythology of 1960s basically where youthful rebellion powers took over the soulless system. (Sustana) Therefore Updike has written a story that includes key elements of myth along with the background of postwar prosperity and the attendan t consumer culture. Where there is a strong hint of the Cold War as hero characterRead MoreA P By John Updike1441 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Updike is considered one of the greatest writers in modern American history. He is known for the idea that seemingly ordinary aspects of American life are actually quite fascinating. He wanted readers to see the beauty and magic of life, so he tried to describe everyday things using the most clear but beautiful language possible. Many of Updike’s pieces are drawn from his own life such as his marriage and his boyhood, as shown in three of his short stories: â€Å"AP†, â€Å"Ace in the Hole†, and â€Å"PigeonRead More The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and AP Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pageswin hearts of women for centuries. However, as society constantly changes, the effectiveness of these chivalrous acts has diminished. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP†, this th eory is explored, both telling the story of a boy whose efforts to impress the girl of their desires fail. As said by Well’s in his critical analysis of these stories, â€Å"Both the protagonists have come to realize that romantic gestures—in fact, that the whole chivalric view [sic] --- are, in modern times, counterproductive†Read MoreAnne Lamott’S Great Wisdom On How To Write Shares Many1905 Words   |  8 Pagescharacters.†In this essay, there will be comparisons and analysis between Anne Lamott’s wide descriptions about writings and two short stories by John Updike and Gail Godwin. Both Updike and Godwin have illustrated amazing fiction stories that shares many clues and rules that can be found in Lamott’s argument for climax and change. This essay will present two short fictional stories: â€Å"AP† by John Updike, and â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† by Gail Godwin. â€Å"AP† shares an interesting piece of art illus trating theRead MoreThe parallel between â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"AP†1892 Words   |  8 Pages The parallel between â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"AP† Raymond Carver with â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"AP† by John Updike are both short stories, even if in facts they are written during the same century, readers can interpret the changes that occurred to be really different. They both introduce characters that are being victim of stereotype by the protagonists, but somehow these characters made a great change into the protagonists’ view of the world and life itself. The stories differ in atmosphere and the quantityRead MoreThe Psychoanalytical Criticism Of Psychoanalysis And Education Essay2096 Words   |  9 Pagesuse it in any story. The Psychoanalytical criticism is used today in literature to help the audience understand human motivation through either the characters or the author itself. After all the author is the creator and should be considered in the analysis to find what the reader desires to know about the characters. In Psychoanalysis And Education : Minding A Gap the authors Linden West and Alan Bainbri dge provide the benefits that psychology provides to different people â€Å"Psychoanalysis, broadly defined

Animal Farm - 1555 Words

Animal Farm written by George Orwell is an animal fable happens in a farm where animals start building a communism society, but end up being totalitarianism, hinting obliquely at the communists in the real world. The gaps between pigs and other common animals, demonstrate the theme that the corruption of power appears when majority is ruled. The intelligence superior allows the pigs placing themselves at a position which is closer to the power and which is more easily to corrupt. The inability to question the authorization makes the other common animals becoming the naà ¯ve working class who suffers the corrupting influence of power. The nature of pigs, greed, is the source of their undying lust for ultimate power. At the end, the†¦show more content†¦Therefore, they need to work harder to avoid being thrown away. Instead of questioning the unfair treatment, the animals rather think less and do more work. Common animals are naive working class, who are unable or unwilling t o question authority, condemning themselves to suffer the full extent of the ruling class’s oppression. After having a taste of power, the pigs lose themselves in their lust for ultimate power. Because of the supreme position of the pigs in the farm, a minority controls the majority of the animals, their greed for power leads to the corruption of the power. First of all, Napoleon uses dogs to expel Snowball in order to have exclusive power. Napoleon starts to against every suggestions Snowball proposes at the beginning. He raises the puppy secretly and shows them up while excluding Snowball. These fierce dogs become a sign of Napoleon’s authority and absolute power. It is the first time that execution happens in the farm, it disobeys the essence of Animalism, all animals are friends. However, no one dares to question him because Napoleon has the absolute power, even though it starts corrupting. Secondly, when the pigs move into the farmhouse and begin sleeping in the b eds, the Fourth Commandment turns out to have mysteriously changed. It now reads â€Å"No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets.†(Orwell, 67) Bed is a symbol of being human in the story. The pigs’ greed of being human has notShow MoreRelated Animal Farm1881 Words   |  8 PagesGeorge Orwell’s political satire, Animal Farm, in which he uses oppressed talking animals to satirize the Russian Revolution. Early on in the novel, when the animals finally have driven out their oppressive master, Mr. Jones, they take the management of the farm into their own hands, creating a set of Seven Commandments based on the teachings of a wise old pig by the name of Old Major. Commandment numbers one through six are centered upon the general idea that no animal should ever come to resemble manRead More Animal Farm Essay836 Words   |  4 Pages George Orwell’s political satire â€Å"Animal Farm† makes some interesting contrasts between the patriotic character of Old Major, an older majestic looking pig, and Napoleon, a pig who seems to bide his time waiting for the right moment to seize control for his own evil purpose. Old Major makes a patriotic speech to the assembled group, expounding the virtues of animalism (socialism) In effect he is calling for a utopian socialism in which the community must sacrifice for the collective well beingRead MoreCruelty in animal Farm1259 Words   |  6 PagesThis story Animal Farm by George Orwell is a novel about an animal revolution over an oppressive farmer. The irony in the story comes when the pigs turn into the very thing revolted against. They exhibit the same cruelty by treating the other animals the same or even worse than previous owners. This cycle of cruelty is shown in the Russian revolution by Joseph Stalin who is represented by Napoleon in the story. Cruelty in animal farm is shown by the human’s treatment of the animals, and the animal’sRead MoreAnimal Farm Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesIn George Orwell’s novel Animal Farm, a major turning point in the novel was when Napoleon used his secret police force, his dogs, to exile Snowball. Snowball had previously been trying to improve the animal’s lives for the future by building a windmill. After Snowball was exiled, Napoleon became leader and everything immediately went amiss. Orwell stated that: Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer- except, of course, for the pigsRead MoreAnimal Farm Essay838 Words   |  4 Pagessatire Animal Farm becomes a movie . Like the book, the movie is a drama/ action film. It focuses on a farm, - Manor Farm- which is run by an alcoholic farmer known as the character Jones. Jones mistreats, abuses and starves the animals, forcing them to work day after day, striving to make the farm a success. This is because he is in debt and fears the possibility of losing the farm. Unfortunately, his hard work didnt pay off, and Jones was faced with more disappointment. The animals grow tiredRead MoreThe Novel Animal Farm 1362 Words   |  6 PagesExplain the type of conflict explored in your novel (character vs. man/self/nature/society). Use details from the novel to support your response. From a broad perspective, numerous conflicts emerge throughout the course of the novel Animal Farm, whether it be Man vs. Man or Man vs. Society. In further elaboration upon this reality, Snowball and Napoleon, two noteworthy pigs, conspicuously disagree on numerous topics-of-interest. Evidence from the text that further bolsters this claim is shown whenRead MoreSymbolism in Animal Farm1766 Words   |  8 PagesSymbolism in Animal Farm Animal Farm is almost a direct parallel to Russia during the time of World War I through World War II. The characters all have real life counterparts that are easily seen. The events are also all real and conveyed in the novel in an easily understood way. The novel creates a new way to look at the events that transpired during this time period and allows people to really understand what happened. In Animal Farm, George Orwell employs many symbols to convey the parallelismRead MoreAnimal Farm : Human Nature in Animals823 Words   |  4 PagesHuman nature in animals. Was this really shown in George Orwell’s ‘Animal Farm’? In fact, there were several messages about human nature reflected in ’Animal Farm’. The messages that were expressed through many different characters and their behaviours, gave an insight into human nature, and showed many characteristics of it. The idea of equality â€Å"all animals are equal† and socialism would make an ideal society. It would be effective on Animal Farm if it were not for the pigs’ hunger for powerRead MoreEssay on The Transformation of the Animals on Animal Farm689 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout the course of the novel the lives of everyone – human and animal – on Animal Farm change dramatically. In the case of the pigs their lives get better and better but for all the other animals and the humans their lives take a turn for the worse, after a brief period of optimism for the animals. This change in lifestyle, perhaps suggests Orwell’s thoughts and feelings about communism as he uses all of the events allegorically with the Russian revolution, for example when Snowball is chasedRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1479 Words   |  6 Pages 2015 Animal Farm Animal Farm, by George Orwell, demonstrates how animals who were mistreated by humans and could no longer endure the pain. One night the animals take over a farm because they are frustrated about being mistreated and forgotten. The animals run the humans off the farm and change the name from Manor Farm to Animal Farm . The oldest pig, Old Major, is the one that starts the rebellion. He gives the other animals an idea of what a farm should look like, how animals should be

Terms of Engagement for Cyber Warfare - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTerms of Engagement for Cyber Warfare. Answer: Introduction The world needs cyber war terms of engagement to manage to the probably devastating cyber weapons. Regardless of the growing complexities of the cyberspace along with the considerable strategic challenge cyber warfare could pose vital interest to numerous nations particular rules for the cyber warfare exist [1]. Countries need to seek to develop as well as maintain cyber warfare rules to be able to develop the globally recognized norms, as well as mitigate the problems on the essential governmental, commercial as well as private resources and assist hang on the belligerent actors more accountable [12]. An example of cyber-attacks which occurred against Georgia in the summer of the year 2008 provided a contemporary example to the complexities which are associated to the cyber-attack attribution, application of the law for the armed conflicts principles to the war as along with the international ineptitude of communities when it comes to responding. The terms of engagement of warfare are very clear and they have been spelled out in the Geneva Convention. Various types of weapon have been banned and certain protection have existed for the civilian as well as the medical entities [13]. However, when it comes to cyber warfare there has been no clear policies on how to address on this issues. In this research it will examine the aspect of terms of engagement for the cyber warfare. The focus will be how the world leader have highlighted on the cyberwar rules of engagement since it has posed a challenge to many nations. The terms of engagement for the deployment of the cyber-weapons needs to be developed by the nations so as to prevent any event which could arise [15]. The wars have traditionally been waged between the nations or clearly defined groups which declare themselves in the conflict. This has yet to happen openly on the internet, despite such accusations have been leveled against countries such as China, Russia as well as other nations [11]. The aspect of the cyber warfare has been more likely to reflect on the wars which are fought shadowy basically by the terrorist network such as the Al-Qaeda as comparison to the conflict which exists between the uniformed national military forces. One aspect of the war is that the lines need to be drawn and there should be an understanding who is the enemy [12]. When it comes to the cyber-attack it is not possible to know who to declare war to. Discussion on rule of cyber conflicts The discussion on the issue of the cyber conflict occurred after the infamous Stuxnet worm which blamed for the infecting business control system as well as sabotaging centrifuges at the contentious Iranian nuclear facilities [14]. Such was the world fist cyber weapon which happened via the cyber-espionage in most of the guises which unquestionably happened to be practiced by the intelligence agencies throughout the worldwide for many years. The computer systems usually underpin the delivery of the essential services which can incorporate the utilities along with telecoms along with the banking and the government services [16]. The vital national infrastructure systems are the most privately held in most of the nations. The attack against these critical systems could be commonplace since they tend to be low to the level of the information stealing or even the denial of the services exploits [13]. There are many independent who are expert particularly in the cyber security they are di smissing talk about the cyberwar hype [18]. The rules of the cyberwarfare they seek in the establishment of the protected domains for example in the schools and the hospital which are off the limit of the attack. Conflict between the nations Currently, USA and Russia are engaged in the creeping cyberwarfare against one another [14]. They have gone to an extend of disabling or even undermining each other critical infrastructure. The potential has deadly between these two countries and it has affected them adversely since they are not subjected to any rudimentary rule or even mutual agreement which has existed to govern them. There would be a need to fix, through the multilateral process which are under the auspices of the United Nations [15]. Nonetheless, according to the British government sources they highlighted to the BBC that they are not much convinced that there is need for a treaty which could govern on the cyberspace conflict. Moreover, based on their view they think that there is a need for a discussion on the proportional response especially on the attribution of the source of the attack [3]. It is important to note that to identify the source of the cyber-assault that could easily be launched from the networks which is compromised by the third-party. There is need for the countries to agree on the basic notions for example what could constitute an attack or even illegal intervention, as opposed to just the mere nuisance, and what has retaliatory moves are more legitimate or even excessive [18]. The cyber security incidents such as the one alleged that the Russian hacked the Democratic National Committee on their emails clearly shows that in the USA as well as other major power they have not established any terms of engagement such as those which governed their behavior in the cold war [17]. The problem might be even more serious since the defense thinkers have only now begun to grapple on this aspect when it comes to how the international conflict in the cyber arena could play out. An example when it comes to the nuclear weapons there is a bold line which is established between the use of the nuclear weapons and not using them, but when it comes to the cyber-crime there is no such guidelines [11]. However, like the nuclear exchan ge, the computer warfare could be whole lot easier to begin to manage. The basic question in relation to the second day of this war have just begun to be asked; the technology has run much ahead of this doctrine to the extent of the unmatched when it comes to the annals of the warfare. View in regards to terms of engagement for the cyber warfare The countries are beginning to develop their own cyberwarfare policies to be able to protect their national interests, but defending themselves especially from the borderless internet may prove very problematic [10]. There has been speculation among the politician as well as the pundits that the aspect of war would soon extend to the internet, based on the recent report that the USA department of Defense would introduce on the cyberwarfare doctrine [5]. The war has traditionally been waged between the nation and this is yet to happen openly on the internet, although this accusation has not been leveled against countries such as China as well as Russia. As nations enters into the new era where there has been advancement in attackers which has increased effort in order to steal the nations intellectual property, USA has been putting final touches when it comes to the terms of engagement so as to respond to the cyber-attacks. Moreover, the USA has been running stories on the new framework for having an effective cyber response [9]. The rules which govern on the state action particularly in the cyberspace are much similar to those which govern on the state behavior in other areas. When waging on the cyberwar, there is need of ensuring that the attack as well as tactics are militarily important and distinguishable between the combatants as well as the noncombatants and which is the force that is used is much proportional to which gain has been achieved [7]. On the draft document which is aimed to facilitate security aspect on the issue of cybercrime calls for the fresh definition of the nation state with the new territories as well as t he cyberspace which is beyond the government [8]. In the proposal it clearly highlights that the ambiguity in regards to what constitutes to the cyber conflict is the delay for the international policy to deal with the idea of peace or even war which is simple in regards to the internet age when the world might find itself in a third other than the war mode. Other countries are also following suit to be able to curb on the issue of the cyber-crime such as UK they are developing the cyber weapons programs which will have attacking capability in order to help counter growing of the threats to the national security on the cyberspace [7]. Moreover, Australia has also highlighted that they are also developing cybersecurity strategy to be in a position of confronting on the growing threat which has been posed by the electronic espionage, theft as well as state sponsored cyber-attacks. Laws on cyber warfare According to the principle of jus ad bellum it means the right to war. This aims to limit the rightful reason as to why state could fight by defining what kind of the action would constitute to the act of the war and in a derivative sense, prescribed to what state actions are as well as not acceptable especially during peacetime [6]. Based on this principle therefore, there is no experience of the cyberwar since there is no state which has every declared one, even though there has been cyber-conflict which has been common among the countries [4]. An example, in Ukrainian power grid attack was part of the ongoing conflict, thus, it was an act of the war. Nevertheless, its worth noting that despite widespread consensus in regards to who was ultimately behind the attack there was no nation that reacted on the act of aggression nor did they sought some recompense through the international legal avenues. Over the years there has been major difficulties when it comes to prescribing to the right to a just war when it comes to cyber [5]. This is because of the aspect of the attribution of the attack which is either still not very good or even it entails release of the classified, sensitive information, and confirming the identity of the aggressor is very difficult. It is through the government and the private organization will they profess on the improvement of the capabilities of attribution, hence providing the aggressor beyond any reasonable doubt to enable them face the hurdles. There has been international policy making time as well as effort which has been deployed towards the development of the norms for the state behavior which is much way below the threshold for the war and of the confidence building measures particularly for the cyberspace [2]. An example, is the Tallinn manual 1.0 which has begun development for the second version which focuses on the international legal framework which applies to the cyber-operations which should be below the threshold for the war. Conclusion The world today it needs the terms of engagement when it comes to the cyber warfare to be in a position of coping with the devastating cyber weapons which have arisen over the years due to the development of internet. When it comes to the cyber weapons they have attributes which have not been seen previously with the traditional weapons nor are they considered when it comes to the development of the current laws of war. The cyber weapon can deliver in the blink of an eye the widest behavior which could be reproduced and at the same time transferred when lacking the target discrimination. There is need for the international treaties which would govern the countries when it comes to the cyber warfare which has significantly affected many nations. The countries need to engage and agree on the basic notions for example on what constitutes to the attack or even the illegal intervention as compared to the mere nuisance and what retaliatory moves are legitimate or even excessive when addres sing on the issue of the cyber warfare. There should be terms of engagement which are developed between the countries to enable them guide one another. In USA NATO have presented the second edition of the Tallinn Manual which clearly examines on the current international laws which can be applied to the issue of the cyber warfare. This manual was compiled based on the Cyberattacks which have occurred globally. The terms of engagement policies needs to be developed to respond on the attack of cyber war that could occur. In this research, it has examined on the aspect of terms of engagement for the cyber warfare which has been a predominant issues that is not addressed fully. The research has provided a clear guidelines on how different nations are approaching on the issue and the possible laws which are being applied to address it with emphasis with some recommendations. References [1] Andress J, Winterfeld S. Cyber warfare: techniques, tactics and tools for security practitioners. Elsevier; 2013 Oct 1. [2] Beidleman SW. Defining and deterring cyber war. ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA; 2009 Jan 6. [3] Carr J. Inside cyber warfare: Mapping the cyber underworld. " O'Reilly Media, Inc."; 2011 Dec 12. [4] Caso JS. The rules of engagement for cyber-warfare and the Tallinn Manual: A case study. InCyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER), 2014 IEEE 4th Annual International Conference on 2014 Jun 4 (pp. 252-257). IEEE. [5] Crawford BC. Information warfare: Its application in military and civilian contexts. The Information Society. 1999 Nov 1;15(4):257-63. [6] Farwell JP, Rohozinski R. The new reality of cyber war. Survival. 2012 Sep 1;54(4):107-20. [7] Greengard S. The new face of war. Communications of the ACM. 2010 Dec 1;53(12):20-2. [8] Hoisington M. Cyberwarfare and the use of force giving rise to the right of self-defense. BC Int'l Comp. L. Rev.. 2009;32:439. [9] Kelsey JT. Hacking into international humanitarian law: The principles of distinction and neutrality in the age of cyber warfare. Michigan Law Review. 2008 May 1:1427-51. [10] Lewis JA. The" Korean" Cyber Attacks and Their Implications for Cyber Conflict. [11] Lindley-French J. Terms of engagement. The paradox of American power and the. 2002 May. [12] Lynn WJ. Defending a new domain: the Pentagon's cyberstrategy. Foreign Affairs. 2010 Sep 1;89(5):97-108. [13] Reich PC, Weinstein S, Wild C, Cabanlong AS. Cyber warfare: a review of theories, law, policies, actual incidentsand the dilemma of anonymity. European Journal of Law and Technology. 2010 Oct 7;1(2). [14] Robinson M, Jones K, Janicke H. Cyber warfare: Issues and challenges. Computers security. 2015 Mar 31;49:70-94. [15] Schaap AJ. Cyber warfare operations: Development and use under international law. AFL Rev.. 2009;64:121. [16] Schmitt MN, editor. Tallinn manual on the international law applicable to cyber warfare. Cambridge University Press; 2013 Mar 7. [17] Swanson L. The era of cyber warfare: Applying international humanitarian law to the 2008 Russian-Georgian cyber conflict. Loy. LA Int'l Comp. L. Rev.. 2010;32:303. [18] Tirenin W, Faatz D. A concept for strategic cyber defense. InMilitary Communications Conference Proceedings, 1999. MILCOM 1999. IEEE 1999 (Vol. 1, pp. 458-463). 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